The district is named after its headquarters town, Malkangiri. During the formation of Odisha Province in 1936, Malkangiri was a “Taluk” of Nabrangpur sub-division of the Koraput district of Odisha. In 1962, it was upgraded to a subdivision of the Koraput District. The present Malkangiri got its identity as an independent district due to the reorganisation of districts of Odisha with effect from October 2, 1992.